The high costs include not only the equipment but also ongoing expenses such as electricity and maintenance. For example, the liquid cooling cables need to be replaced every two years.

Supercharging Poles: Technological Heat but Implementation Challenges As BYD boasts of "charging 2 kilometers in 1 second" and Huawei claims to "fully charge an electric heavy truck in 15 minutes," supercharging technology has become the "savior" of the new energy vehicle era. However, data from the National Energy Administration shows that as of March 2025, among the 3.9 million public charging poles nationwide, supercharging poles account for less than 1%. In Guangzhou, with its 200,000 charging poles, only 21 are non-manufacturer-built supercharging poles, equivalent to one supercharging pole for every 9,523 regular ones. Why is this "charging revolution" stuck in a situation where it garners praise but lacks practical adoption?  The Paradox Behind Supercharging Poles In June 2025, Li Auto announced that its supercharging stations had surpassed 2,400, with over 13,200 supercharging poles. BYD partnered with Xiaoju Charging to build 10,000 megawatt flash-charging poles, each with a power output of up to 1,000 kW. Car manufacturers paint a rosy picture with slogans like "charge for 5 minutes, drive for 400 kilometers." Yet, reality tells a different story: Mr. Chen, a ride-hailing driver, prefers using a 250 kW regular fast-charging pole over the 500 kW supercharging pole near his home—“The time difference is only 10 minutes, but each kWh costs 30 cents more and can damage the battery.” This contradiction highlights the disconnect between the "advanced" supercharging technology and the "lagging" market demand. Currently, vehicles supporting the 800V high-voltage architecture (such as Xiaopeng G9 and Zeekr 001) make up only 15% of the total number of new energy vehicles. The remaining 85% of ordinary electric vehicles can only operate at reduced power on supercharging poles. It's akin to plugging a regular smartphone into a fast charger; not only does it fail to charge quickly, but it may also damage the device due to compatibility issues. The Reality of Supercharging Poles Sparse Numbers: According to data from the Charging Alliance, in April 2025, among the national public DC charging poles, those with a power rating above 240 kW accounted for only 8.37%, while those above 350 kW made up less than 0.5%. Imbalanced Distribution: As a major hub for new energy vehicles, Guangdong plans to build 66,000 new public charging poles by 2025, including only 492 supercharging terminals, accounting for just 0.745%. Low Utilization Rates: Industry surveys show that supercharging poles serve an average of only 12 vehicles per day, less than one-third of regular fast-charging poles. Most of the time, they remain idle. Core Challenges Facing Supercharging Poles Enterprises Trapped in Losses Upon Construction High Equipment Costs: A single-gunned supercharging pole costs about RMB 100,000, five times that of a regular fast-charging pole. Building a ten-gunned supercharging station costs over RMB 10 million and requires配套设施 such as liquid-cooled cables and transformers. Replacing liquid-cooled lines every two years incurs maintenance costs twice those of regular poles. Operational Pressure: Taking a supercharging station in Shenzhen as an example, the electricity price is RMB 1.48 per kWh, only slightly higher than regular fast-charging by three cents. To cover costs, it needs to serve 30 vehicles daily, but currently serves only 12. The payback period stretches to eight to ten years. An operator candidly stated: “Unless there are policy subsidies, no one would touch supercharging.” Single Profit Model: Most domestic supercharging stations are built roadside or in parks and rely solely on selling electricity for profit. Unlike in Europe and America, they cannot offset costs through additional services like dining and shopping. Grid Strain and Infrastructure Bottlenecks Supercharging poles exert immense pressure on the grid: a single gun with a power rating of 360 kW is equivalent to 300 households simultaneously running air conditioners, with instantaneous current exceeding 600 A. Ordinary neighborhood transformers have capacities ranging from 500 to 800 kVA, far from sufficient to support them. Engineers from China Southern Power Grid calculated that building ten ten-gunned supercharging stations in Tianhe District of Guangzhou would require increasing the surrounding distribution network capacity by three times, costing over RMB 2 billion. More challenging is that grid upgrades involve planning, approval, and construction processes spanning one to two years. In old residential areas and suburbs with weak grids, constructing supercharging poles is virtually impossible. User Demand Mismatch: Fast vs. Economical Price Sensitivity: Electricity prices at supercharging poles are generally 20-30% higher than at regular fast-charging poles. For frequent chargers like ride-hailing drivers and families, saving on electricity bills is more important than saving time. Battery Concerns: Surveys indicate that 43% of users worry about "supercharging damaging batteries," especially owners of lithium iron phosphate batteries who believe high-power charging accelerates battery degradation. Alternative Scenarios: Seventy percent of new energy vehicle owners have home charging poles and do not need supercharging for daily commutes. During long-distance travel, queuing at supercharging poles is severe, making regular fast-charging poles more convenient despite their slower speed. Breakthrough Strategies: Policy, Technology, and Business Models National Promotion of High-Power Charging Facilities In July 2025, the National Development and Reform Commission released guidelines to promote high-quality development of high-power charging facilities: Priority Layout in Key Areas: By 2026, achieve full coverage of supercharging stations in high-speed service areas, commercial districts, and transportation hubs. Grid Upgrade Subsidies: Provide funding subsidies ranging from 30-50% for grid upgrade projects accompanying supercharging stations to reduce initial investment by enterprises. Standardization: Mandate that all new models launched after 2027 be compatible with national standard supercharging interfaces to prevent fragmentation caused by individual automakers. At the local level, Guangdong’s "14th Five-Year Plan" includes supercharging station construction as a key project under "new infrastructure," offering incentives such as land grants and tax reductions. Shanghai pilots a model combining "supercharging stations + parking lots," allowing operators to offset losses through parking fees. Technological Innovation: Solving Coordination Issues Between Vehicles and Poles Liquid-Cooled Supercharging Technology: Companies like Huawei and Xiaopeng have introduced liquid-cooled supercharging poles that use coolant to dissipate heat during high currents up to 2400 A. This technology increases charging speed fivefold compared to traditional supercharging poles while reducing equipment size and cost. Integrated Photovoltaic Storage Charging Systems: Equipping supercharging stations with storage batteries and solar panels helps balance grid load fluctuations. A photovoltaic storage charging station in Shenzhen reduced grid impact by 40% through its storage system and generated additional revenue from peak-to-valley price differences. Intelligent Scheduling Systems: AI algorithms dynamically allocate power across multiple poles to prevent simultaneous charging by multiple vehicles from overloading the grid. Pilot tests of "dynamic power allocation" technology in Nansha District of Guangzhou improved station service capacity by 30%. Business Model Innovation: Transitioning from Selling Electricity to Providing Services Scenario Integration: NIO House combines supercharging stations with cafes and meeting rooms so users can work or relax while charging. Service revenues help subsidize supercharging operations. Dynamic Pricing: Adjust electricity prices based on peak and off-peak hours to optimize utilization rates. Tesla’s supercharging stations offer lower prices during late-night hours—just RMB 0.8 per kWh—cheaper than regular fast-charging. Collaboration Between Automakers and Grid Operators: BYD partners with China Southern Power Grid to share resources and user data for co-buildi 以上内容均由AI搜集总结并生成，仅供参考